Chapter 4: Fugitive Emissions
CHAPTER 4
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 4.1
Volume 2: Energy
Authors
Coal Mining
John N. Carras (Australia)
Pamela M. Franklin (USA), Yuhong Hu (China), A. K. Singh (India), and Oleg V. Tailakov (Russian Federation)
Oil and natural gas
David Picard (Canada)
Azhari F. M. Ahmed (Qatar), Eilev Gjerald (Norway), Susann Nordrum (USA), and Irina Yesserkepova
(Kazakhstan)
4.2 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Chapter 4: Fugitive Emissions
Contents
4 Fugitive Emissions
4.1 Fugitive emissions from mining, processing, storage and transportation of coal..................................4.6
4.1.1 Overview and description of sources.............................................................................................4.6
4.1.1.1 Coal mining and handling........................................................................................................4.6
4.1.1.2 Summary of sources .................................................................................................................4.8
4.1.2 Methodological issues ...................................................................................................................4.9
4.1.3 Underground coal mines................................................................................................................4.9
4.1.3.1 Choice of method...................................................................................................................4.10
4.1.3.2 Choice of emission factors for underground mines ...............................................................4.11
4.1.3.3 Choice of activity data ...........................................................................................................4.14
4.1.3.4 Completeness for underground coal mines ............................................................................4.14
4.1.3.5 Developing a consistent time series .......................................................................................4.14
4.1.3.6 Uncertainty assessment..........................................................................................................4.15
4.1.4 Surface coal mining.....................................................................................................................4.17
4.1.4.1 Choice of method...................................................................................................................4.17
4.1.4.2 Emission factors for surface mining ......................................................................................4.18
4.1.4.3 Activity data...........................................................................................................................4.19
4.1.4.4 Completeness for surface mining...........................................................................................4.19
4.1.4.5 Developing a consistent time series .........................................
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